CVE-2026-40342 Details
Description
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
A path traversal vulnerability has been identified in Firebird's external engine plugin loader, present in versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14. The vulnerability allows an authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges to execute arbitrary code by loading a shared library from any location on the filesystem. This is achieved by supplying a crafted ENGINE name that exploits the lack of proper validation for path separators and directory traversal components. The executed code runs with the same privileges as the Firebird server's operating system account, potentially leading to unauthorized access or manipulation of system resources.
Users can upgrade to Firebird versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7, or 3.0.14 to address this vulnerability.
Metrics
CVSS 4.0 Severity and Vector Strings:
No CVSS 4.0 data is available for this CVE.
CVSS 3.x Severity and Vector Strings:
No data available for CVSS Version 2.0 on this CVE.
CISA-ADP
Assessed Apr 22, 2026References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
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| URL | Source(s) | Tag(s) |
|---|---|---|
| https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14 | [email protected] | Release Notes |
| https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7 | [email protected] | Release Notes |
| https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4 | [email protected] | Release Notes |
| https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257 | [email protected] | ExploitVendor Advisory |
Weakness Enumeration
| CWE-ID | CWE Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| CWE-22 | Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') | [email protected] |
| CWE-427 | Uncontrolled Search Path Element | [email protected] |
| CWE-73 | External Control of File Name or Path | [email protected] |
| CWE-94 | Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') | [email protected] |
Affected Products
| Product | Versions |
|---|---|
| firebirdsql firebird | < 3.0.14 >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.7 >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.4 |
CPE
Remediation
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Change History
4 change records found show changes
| Date | Action | Recorded By |
|---|---|---|
| Jun 17, 2026 | CVE Modified | [email protected] |
| Jun 17, 2026 | CVE Modified | CISA-ADP |
| Apr 27, 2026 | Initial Analysis | [email protected] |
| Apr 17, 2026 | New CVE Received | [email protected] |